Monday, 25 May 2015

BEING A WRITER IN INDIA—U.R. ANANTHMURTHY

Ananthmurthy spent his childhood in Brahmin orthodox family. In his childhood he learnt Sanskrit. He learnt Kalidasa from a Brahmachari, a celibate (An unmarried person). He taught to keep away from temptation and lead a life of mortification (Strong feelings of embarrassment). He used to lie on the sand bed of the river and tried hard to reach the ultimate experience of sin and shame for his unredeemed self. He felt envious of the healthy cowherd (cowboy) boys, who indulged in an unabashed love-life that was denied to him. During those days, he was in love with a girl of the fisherman’s caste who had tattooed her hands and forehead. She appeared to him like the shakuntala of Kalidasa—the book he was reading with his Brahmachari teacher. Annanthmurthy dared not talk to that dark- complexioned girl who adorned her hair with champak flowers and carried fish on her curved waist in a basket. He even had great admiration for her way of walking. The other boys of his age talked unashamedly of their discoveries of the hidden pleasures of their bodies, but Annanthmurthy dared not speak out openly like them. Being a sensitive child, he wrote down his suppressed emotions in a diary. For writing, he was in search of words. The words fascinated him, but paradoxically, they were means of hiding rather than revealing his true self.
Once plague broke out in the town. The city school was closed, as people began to die in hundreds. The Brahmins living in agrahara were duly inoculated, but untouchables living on a hillock began to die and their thatched mud huts were set on fire. The orthodox elders were of the opinion that it was punishment, because their caste people in other parts of India had entered temples, instigated (Provoke or stir up) by Gandhi. But Annanthmurthy thought otherwise. It was clear that they died because the doctor, an upper cast man, had not gone to their huts to inoculate them as that would result in touching them. Incidentally the most beautiful girl among the untouchables suddenly disappeared. Annanthmurthy knew where she had gone. A young man from an orthodox family who had organized a make-belief army and taught the boys to parade every morning was her lover. It was this lover who eloped with this untouchable girl.
These small incidents proved a turning point in the life of the writer. His outlook broadened when he went to England and had a close look at the work of Chaucer, Shakespeare, Dickens and Camus. He also studied Marx,  freud, Sarte when he was writing his thesis for his PHD degree. Annanthmurthy who was deeply rooted in his traditional Kannad and Sanskrit writing skills, later on realized that for a good writer it was not only essential to stick to one’s cultural root, but also to be equally exposed to the western civilization and scientific knowledge.
Annanthmurthy took inspiration from Mahatma Gandhi who on returning from South Africa chose to change his apparel and look like a low caste Indian villager. This kind of choice that Gandhi made amazed Annanthmurthy and he thought that Gandhiji was a truly critical insider. A critical insider is one who is neither sentimental, a revivalist, backward looking oriental who would think everything in the past of India, not a westernized modernizer who likes a rationalist scientist would reject the entire past of India, in an attempt to combine orientalism with modernization which was quite futile and gave rise to inauthentic modes of thought and feeling.
Annanthmurthy has a confirmed conviction that only truly critical insider, like Mahatma Gandhi, is entitled to be a good writer, if he has boundless compassion for the poor and disinherited in India and such a writer should actively and passionately engage himself with the present in ‘all its confusions of value’. He should use the rich past of this country with a passion and only then he should aspire for a creative writer in the present. 


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